How Many Different Types of Memory System Are There...

Although the belief that memory is composed of several distinct systems is not novel, it is only around the mid 20th century that experimental studies carried out on amnesic patients have started to confirm it (Squire, 2004). This essay will discuss the different types of memory systems that have been found, their distinctions and evidence supporting their existence derived from studies on amnesiacs. Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model suggests that memory is a flow of information processed through three stores (Myers, 2010). The first system called sensory memory (SM) processes mainly visual and auditory information from our environment (Myers, 2010). It is made up of several components associated with each sense and†¦show more content†¦Based on this finding, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) argued that STM illustrated by the multi-store model is too simplistic (McLeod, 2008). They developed another model of STM known as the Working Memory (WM) which comprised of a two subsystems controlled by the central executive (Groome, 2006). The central executive takes on cognitive processes such as problem-solving while controlling allocation of data to the two subsystems namely Phonological loop (PL) which deals with auditory and speech-based information and visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) which, as its name suggests, holds information about visual and spatial infor mation (McLeod, 2008; Groome, 2006). By analyzing in more depth KF’s case study, it is reported that KF had suffered impairment of his PL but still had his VSS abilities, hence providing support that STM is not unitary but in fact divided into subsystems (Warrington Shallice, 1972 as cited in Groome, 2006). Similarly, HM who had an impaired LTM was unable to form new memories but surprisingly could still learn new motor skills although he was not aware that he actually learnt the skills (Groome, 2006). This finding questions the unified nature of LTM and suggests that there are two memory systems (Squire, 2004). McDougall (1924) investigated the term implicit memory which involves unconscious learning and explicit memory which involves learning with consciousness (Graf Schacter,Show MoreRelatedMarketing and Product Essay12745 Words   |  51 PagesDirected Study in Marketing Chapter 1 Marketing’s Value to Consumers, Firms, and Society Questions and Problems 1. List your activities for the first two hours after you woke up this morning. Briefly indicate how marketing affected your activities. a. Awakened by alarm clock. Clock bought because of brand name loyalty: Seiko b. Had coffee. Brand name loyalty and preferred taste: Folgers c. Walked and fed dog. Purchased Purina Dog chow due to advertisements. d. Made breakfastRead MoreBasic Computer Application Exam Paper2474 Words   |  10 PagesINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This question paper has 4 questions. Answer ALL questions. 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